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\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u4eac\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5df4\u9ece\u5b66\u6d3e\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u65f6\u585e\u5916\u6c11\u65cf\u53f2\u6599\u5c42\u51fa\u8fed\u73b0\uff0c\u897f\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u76db\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u72e9\u91ce\u76f4\u559c\u5728\u5bab\u5d0e\u5e02\u5b9a\u8d74\u6b27\u7559\u5b66\u4e4b\u9645\u544a\u8beb\u9053\uff1a\u6566\u714c\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8981\u9002\u53ef\u800c\u6b62\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u53ea\u5bf9\u6566\u714c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u6234\u4ec1\uff08Jean-pierre Drege)\u6cd5\u56fd\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\uff0c\u517c\u8be5\u9662\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u7814\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5408\u8fa8\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5199\u672c\u3001\u91d1\u77f3\u56fe\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240IHEC\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e1920\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7531\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u8d5e\u52a9\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e1921\u5e74\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201d\u516c\u76ca\u201d\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u66fe\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4e8b\u793e\u56e2\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5e94\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6f58\u52d2\u7ef4\uff08Paui Painleve)\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u53e4\u4ee3\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u521b\u529e\u4e00\u5ea7\u6c49\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u56e2\u4e5f\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u51fa\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\u6bcf\u5e74\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u4e3a\u57fa\u91d1\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6f58\u52d2\u7ef4\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u6240\u957f\u662f\u845b\u5170\u8a00(Marcel Granet)\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4e8e1940\u5e74\u901d\u4e16\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c(Paul Pelliot) \u7ee7\u4efb\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u76f4\u52301945\u5e74\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u6570\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u6234\u4f55\u90fd(Robert des Rotours)\u9886\u5bfc\u8be5\u6240\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u6234\u5bc6\u5fae (paul Demieville)\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u529b\u6c42\u83b7\u51c6\u5c06\u8be5\u6240\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f52\u5e76\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u6de1\u3002\u76f4\u52301959\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f52\u5e76\u624d\u88ab\u83b7\u51c6\u3002\u8be5\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u4e00\u7b14\u6b63\u5e38\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8bbe\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7d22\u90a6\u5927\u5b66\uff08Sorbnne\uff0c\u5373\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6240\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u804c\u52a1\u88ab\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u4e86\u97e9\u767e\u8bd7 (Louis Hambis)\u30021968\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8c03\u6574\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u76d1\u62a4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u4f1a\u9986\u90a3\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bbd\u655e\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7c7b\u673a\u6784\u5171\u4eab\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\uff1b\u4f46\u90a3\u88f9\u4e5f\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u4e9a\u5dde\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6b64\u540e\u53c8\u76f8\u7ee7\u7531\u5434\u5fb7\u660e\uff08Yves Hervouet\uff09\u548c\u4faf\u601d\u5b5f(Donold Holzman)\u4e3b\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u7ef4\u6301\u52301989\u5e74\uff0c\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e00\u5e76\u88ab\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65b0\u6240\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7531\u65bd\u821f\u4eba\uff08Kristofer Schipper\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u52301992\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u9b4f\u4e15\u4fe1\uff08Pierre-Etienne Will\uff09\u548c\u6234\u4ec1\uff08Jean-Pierre Drege\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u81ea\u521b\u7acb\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u6ce2\u5c14\u591a\u548c\u666e\u7f57\u65fa\u65af\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57c3\u514b\u65af\uff08Aix-En Provence\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff1b\u6c49\u5b66\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u56fd\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e1c\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u5411\u65b0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u81ea1934\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u6240\u4e8e\u5176\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6587\u5e93\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u6cd5\u6587\u6c49\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u51fa\u724829\u5377\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5217\u6709\u6c99\u7579\uff08Edouard Chavannes\uff09\u3001\u767d\u4e50\u65e5\uff08Etienne Balazs\uff09\u3001\u6234\u5bc6\u5fae\u3001\u6234\u4f55\u90fd\u6216\u77f3\u6cf0\u5b89\uff08Rolf\u00b7A\u00b7Stein\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u300a\u901a\u68c0\u548c\u4e66\u76ee\u300b\u4e1b\u4e66\u3002\u81ea1975\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53c8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u53eb\u4f5c\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b\u7684\u4e1b\u4e66\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u4f18\u79c0\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u6216\u540c\u7b49\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u4e866\u5377\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u8fdb\u5ea6\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e24\u5377\u3002\u5728\u6700\u65b0\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6587\u5e93\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u2013\u540d\u58eb\u65cf\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\u5f62\u8c61\u300b\uff0c\u6770\u6eba\uff08Jean-pierre Diny\uff09\u8457\uff081983\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6566\u714c\u7684\u501f\u8d37\u6587\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u7ae5\u4e15\uff08Eric Trombert\uff09\u8457\uff081985\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bba\u6587\u4e1b\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u661f\u8fb0\u3001\u690d\u7269\u4e0e\u5185\u810f\u300b\u7531\u9b4f\u4e15\u4fe1\u548c\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u5c14\u00b7\u6602\uff08Isabelle Ang\uff09\u4e3b\u7f16\uff081994\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u827e\u4e50\u6850\uff08Viviane Alleton\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\uff08Alexei Volkov\uff09\u4e3b\u7f16\uff081944\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8017\u8d39\u7cbe\u529b\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\uff09\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u8be5\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u85cf\u4e66\u662f\u81ea\u8be5\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6e10\u83b7\u53d6\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u300250\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u521a\u521a\u8fd0\u56de\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u5317\u4eac\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7279\u85cf\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u85cf\u4e66\u91cf\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6279\u7279\u85cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u85cf\u4e66\u5171\u5305\u62ec\u8fd110\u4e07\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd130\u4e07\u518c\u4e66\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5411\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u5b66\u4f1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u76f8\u6bd7\u90bb\u7684\u6709\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u5b66\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u88ab\u79f0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u516c\u76ca\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e1833\u5e74\u3002\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u5b66\u4f1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u6709\u5927\u6279\u6c49\u5b66\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7531\u6c99\u7579\u3001\u9a6c\u4f2f\u4e50\u548c\u6234\u5bc6\u5fae\u9057\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u85cf\u4e66\u3002\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u8fd12000\u5377\u4e66\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e14\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5076\u5c14\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9057\u8d60\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8d60\u90011000\u591a\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6216\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e5f\u65f6\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u85cf\u4e66\u91cf\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5171\u62e5\u6709600\u591a\u540d\u6ce8\u518c\u8bfb\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5176\u53e4\u7c4d\u85cf\u91cf\u4e0d\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bdd\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u88f9\u672a\u6536\u85cf\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u85cf\u4e66\u4e2d\u5374\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u65b9\u5fd7\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9884\u7b97\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4ecd\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u3002\u8427\u745f \u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u2013\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7cfb\u79d1\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8e1962\u5e74\u79cb\u51ac\u5b66\u671f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5747\u4ee5\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4e3b\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff08C 4\u7ea7\uff09\u4e3a\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u9996\u4f4d\u4e3b\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u9c8d\u543e\u521a\uff08Wolfgan Bauer,1930\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e1971\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3001\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u524d\u88ab\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u9c8d\u543e\u521a\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u4e3a\u5fb7\u535a\uff08Gunther Debon,1921\uff09\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5fb7\u535a\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u800c\u77e5\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1986\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u3002\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u535a\u58eb\uff08R.G.Wagner,1941-\uff09\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e3b\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u591a\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u67cf\u514b\u83b1\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u8bbf\u95ee\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5ba2\u5ea7\u8bb2\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff081982\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u65b0\u7f16\u5386\u53f2\u5267\u2013\u56db\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff081990\uff09\u548c\u300a\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u4e4b\u5185\u2013\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff081992\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6b63\u59cb\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\uff1a\u738b\u5f3c\u4e0e\u8001\u5b50\u300b\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u662f\u4ed6\u957f\u8fbe20\u5e74\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ee5\u201d\u738b\u5f3c\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u77e5\u540d\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8363\u83b7\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u5956\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u9879\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u5b66\u672f\u5956\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u8d22\u6e90\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u76db\u5927\u7684\u5efa\u6821600\u5468\u5e74\u5e86\u5178\u3002\u5df4\u767b\u2013\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6240\u8d60\u9001\u7684\u793c\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u9b4f\u683c\u6797\u535a\u58eb\uff08Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzil,1955-\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u8bba\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u88f9\u6700\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5973\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5979\u66fe\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u5b66\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5979\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u800c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u515a\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u5b66\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\uff081984\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u201d\u53f2\u201d\u4e0e\u201d\u8bba\u201d\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff081988\uff09\u30021994\u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u53c8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u975e\u4e3b\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\uff08C 3\u7ea7\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u7530\u6d77\uff08Barend J.Ter Haar,1958-\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u767d\u8fde\u6559\u300b\uff081992\uff09\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u8457\u300a\u300a\u5929\u5730\u4f1a\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u795e\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u98df\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bbe\u67093\u4e2a\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5efa\u7cfb34\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u57f9\u517b\u4e8620\u591a\u540d\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u767e\u4f59\u540d\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u67094\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u3000\u3000\u6c47\u96c6\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u201d\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u4e1b\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u9887\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9b4f\u683c\u6797\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7f16\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u3000\u30001\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u201d\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u201d\u6216\u65e5\u201d\u53e4\u5178\u6c49\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53e4\u81f3\u6e05\u672b\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u6559\u6388\u5f00\u8bbe\u8fc7\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3e\u51fa\u300a\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u3001\u300a\uff08\u8bba\u8bed\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u3001\u300a\u201d\u5730\u72f1\u201d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u4e865\u540d\u535a\u58eb\u548c30\u591a\u540d\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6307\u5bfc\u77404\u540d\u6b63\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u6559\u6388\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u7ea620\u540d\u535a\u58eb\/\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u30021994\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u6559\u6388\u7387\u9886\u7684\u9635\u5bb9\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u201d\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e869\u7bc7\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u3000\u30002\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\uff1a\u201d\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6240\u9996\u521b\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u4e3a1840\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u9b4f\u683c\u6797\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u517c\u987e\u53f0\u6e7e\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u754c\u7ebf\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u65e0\u65f6\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6210\u4e3a\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u4e13\u804c\u7684\u9986\u957f\u548c\u9986\u5458\u54041\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u82e5\u5e72\u517c\u804c\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u6559\u6388\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9886\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7cfb\u7684\u5ba4\u5185\u9762\u79ef\u5171\u7ea63300\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u7ea62000\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u5168\u5e74\u56fe\u4e66\u8d44\u6599\u7ecf\u8d3910\u4e07\u9a6c\u514b\uff0c\u5e74\u5747\u8d2d\u4e66\u7ea68000\u518c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u8d39\u6570\u989d\u9065\u5c45\u5168\u5fb730\u4f59\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e4b\u51a0\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e66\u91cf\u5c45\u4e8e\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u5404\u7cfb\u4e4b\u51a0\uff08\u5168\u6821\u5404\u7cfb\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u8d2d\u4e66\u91cf50-500\u518c\uff09\u3002\u622a\u6b621996\u5e746\u6708\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u56fe\u4e6680000\u4f59\u518c\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fe\u4e6626000\u4f59\u518c\uff0c\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5168\u5fb7\u5404\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u85cf\u4e66\u91cf\u7684\u524d3\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba2\u6709450\u79cd\u73b0\u671f\u671f\u520a\u300118\u79cd\u4e2d\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u85cf\u67092500\u79cd\u8fc7\u520a\u548c700\u90e8\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7535\u5f71\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a4\u9879\u6570\u636e\u5747\u5217\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u9996\u4f4d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u6c49\u8bed\u9884\u5907\u73ed\uff1a\u7531\u9b4f\u683c\u6797\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u6301\u521b\u8fa8\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u9884\u5907\u73ed\uff0c\u914d\u67095\u540d\u4e13\u804c\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u5e08\u548c4\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u5b9e\u884c\u4e3a\u671f1\u5e74\uff08\u542b\u5047\u671f\uff09\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u5f3a\u5316\u6559\u80b2\uff1b\u5176\u95f4\u4f34\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6982\u51b5\u548c\u6c49\u5b66\u8d44\u6599\u68c0\u7d22\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u9884\u5907\u73ed\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6548\u679c\u800c\u540d\u626c\u5168\u5fb7\u30021994\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u767b\u2013\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u9881\u53d1\u4e86\u201d\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u5956\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u6c49\u8bed\u9884\u5907\u73ed\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u4f18\u5f02\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u6c49\u8bed\u9884\u5907\u73ed\u4e0d\u61c2\u662f\u6c49\u5b66\u7cfb\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u751f\u4eec\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e3a\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\u7684\u53ea\u6253\u7b97\u5b66\u6c49\u8bed\u3001\u4e0d\u51c6\u5907\u65e5\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u610f\u5927\u5229\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u4e1c\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u4e1c\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\uff08Instituto Universitario Orientale\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u4e3a\u60a0\u4e45\u3002\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4f20\u6559\u58ebMatteo Ripa\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u9662\uff08Collegio de Cinesi\uff09\uff0c1732\u5e744\u67087\u65e5\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u7687\u514b\u83b1\u95e8\u4e03\u4e16\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u62db\u6536\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb2\u6388\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u5546\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u4e1c\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5979\u8bbe\u6709\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u6240\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u53ca\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u51e0\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u9ad8\u5bdf\uff08Filipo Clccia,1934-1997\uff09\u3001\u5170\u5951\u5965\u8482\uff08Lionello Lanciotti\uff09\u3001\u53f2\u534e\u7f57\uff08Paolo Santangelo\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u4e1c\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u201d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u975e\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u520a\u300a\u660e\u6e05\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u5bf9\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5c42\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u8d2f\u901a\u6c49\u5b66\u4e0e\u897f\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u300a\u660e\u6e05\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u7f16\u662f\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u4e1c\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53f2\u534e\u7f57\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5170\u5951\u5965\u8482\u6559\u6388\uff08Lionello Lanciotti\uff09\u548c\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8428\u5df4\u8482\u5c3c\u6559\u6388\uff08Mario 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\u7f16\u540e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e07\u660e \u8bd1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7f16\u540e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u2014-\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u65e9\u3001\u4e2d\u671f\u4f1a\u515a\u4e0e\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\u8bc4\u4ecb \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 \uff08\u52a0\uff09\u6234\u9ad8\u7984\u3000\u674e\u665f\u6587
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\u7f16\u540e\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u65e5\u672c\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u56fd \u9ec4\u4fca\u6770
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\u4e2d\u65e5\u5fae\u578b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6f2b\u8c08 [\u65e5]\u6e21\u8fb9\u6674\u592b \u5218\u9759\u8bd1
\u6587\u672c\u3001\u8bed\u5883\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001
\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u5916\u5143\u6742\u5267\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5176\u542f\u793a \u5b8b\u8015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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CHINA \u5907\u8003
\u4ece\u4f49\u5362\u6587\u6750\u6599\u770bCina\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3
China\u7f18\u8d77\u8700\u8eab\u6bd2\u9053\u65b0\u8bc1
\u9644\u5f55
China\u7f18\u8d77\u8700\u8eab\u6bd2\u9053\u65b0\u8bc1
\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8f91\u82f1\u6587\u76ee\u5f55
\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u7b2c88\u5377\u8981\u76ee
\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b\u7b2c8\u5377\u8981\u76ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66(\u7b2c10\u8f91) \u672c\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u58a8\u5b50\u523b\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u89c2
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\u300a\u534e\u8bed\u5b98\u8bdd\u8bed\u6cd5\u300b\u4e13\u9898
\u300a\u534e\u8bed\u5b98\u8bdd\u8bed\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5357\u4eac\u8bdd
\u300a\u534e\u8bed\u5b98\u8bdd\u8bed\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u8bed\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790
\u9644\u5f55
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\u7f16\u540e\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6c49\u5b66\u4e00\u5bb6\u8a00
21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6c49\u5b66\u5c55\u671b
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